In a competitive or combat setting, deception and misdirection can help gain the advantage of surprise in executing actions. Deceiving involves taking actions that encourage an opponent to believe that which is not true and which advantages your position. Mislead is a synonym which suggests an approach to take.

"All warfare is based on deception. Hence, when able to attack, we must seem unable; when using our forces, we must seem inactive; when we are near, we must make the enemy believe we are far away; when far away, we must make him believe we are near. Hold out baits to entice the enemy. Feign disorder, and crush him." - Sun Tzu

"Let your plans be dark and impenetrable as night, and when you move, fall like a thunderbolt." - Sun Tzu

"Everything which the enemy least expects will succeed the best." - Frederick the Great

Check the tip Surprise! Surprise!

from Sun Tzu, The Art of War, Chapter 1
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